Because the physics changes with size. This is called the
In a beaker (lab scale), heat transfer happens instantly. In a 10,000-gallon reactor (industrial scale), the liquid in the center of the tank might not get hot for hours. The mixing unit operation that worked perfectly in a jar (where you shook it by hand) fails miserably in a steel tank because the fluid dynamics change. what are unit operations
Let’s break down what this concept actually means, why it shattered the boundaries of industry, and why you are using unit operations right now without even knowing it. In the early 20th century, chemical engineering was just applied chemistry. If you wanted to design a soap factory, you studied soap. If you wanted to design an oil refinery, you studied oil. This was slow, inefficient, and every industry had to reinvent the wheel. Because the physics changes with size