In reality, modern Basque does use as the transitive verb "to have." But it is ergative , not nominative. So the structure is: Possessor (ERGATIVE case) + Object (NOMINATIVE) + EDUN (conjugated) | Spanish | Basque (EDUN) | |---------|----------------| | Yo tengo un libro. | Nik liburu bat dut. | | Tú tienes dos perros. | Zuk bi txakur dituzu. | | Él/Ella tiene un coche. | Hark auto bat du. | | Nosotros tenemos hambre. | Guk gosea dugu. |
| Spanish Expression | Basque Equivalent | Literal meaning | Verb used | |-------------------|-------------------|-----------------|-----------| | Tener hambre | | To be hungry | IZAN (to be) | | Tener sed | Egarri izan | To be thirsty | IZAN | | Tener miedo | Beldur izan | To be afraid | IZAN | | Tener frío | Hotz izan | To be cold | IZAN | | Tener calor | Bero izan | To be hot | IZAN | | Tener sueño | Logura izan | To be sleepy | IZAN | | Tener X años | X urte izan | To be X years old | IZAN | | Tener que + inf | Behar + edun | To have obligation | EDUN (as auxiliary) | verbo tener euskera
8/10 (highly irregular, ergative alignment, split usage). Essential for fluency, but requires dedicated memorization. In reality, modern Basque does use as the