1. The Core Problem: The Paradox of Voting Most voting systems (Plurality, IRV, Score) suffer from fundamental flaws: they can elect a candidate who would lose in a head-to-head match against every other candidate. This is the Condorcet Loser problem.
(strength of victory): [ \textmargin(a, b) = P[a][b] - P[b][a] ] If ( \textmargin(a, b) > 0 ), then ( a ) beats ( b ). tideman algorithm
The Tideman algorithm (Ranked Pairs), invented by Nicolaus Tideman in 1987, answers this by saying: Lock in the strongest landslides first, skip any result that would create a cycle. Imagine a tournament. Candidate A beats B by 52% to 48% (a narrow win). Candidate C beats A by 80% to 20% (a landslide). Tideman argues that the landslide should have more weight in determining the winner than the squeaker. (strength of victory): [ \textmargin(a, b) = P[a][b]
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