: At plug-in, if AC peak coincides with capacitor discharge, ( I_peak ) can exceed 50A, damaging rectifier diodes unless a series resistor (e.g., 10Ω) is added.
: If dropper capacitor fails shorted, full mains voltage appears at output, destroying load and creating fire risk. asaan converter
Choose standard value ( C = 0.68 \mu F ) (X2 safety capacitor). : At plug-in, if AC peak coincides with